What type of incontinence can arise from an adverse effect of certain medications?

Functional incontinence is related to the inability to reach the bathroom in time due to physical or cognitive impairments, which may indeed be exacerbated by certain medications. For example, medications that cause sedation or impair coordination can affect a person's mobility, leading to instances where they cannot make it to the bathroom quickly enough. This type of incontinence is particularly relevant in older adults who may be on multiple medications.

Stress incontinence primarily involves leakage due to increased intra-abdominal pressure such as during coughing or sneezing, which is not directly related to medication effects. Urge incontinence is characterized by a sudden feeling of a strong need to urinate, often due to bladder spasms, and may be influenced by some medications but is typically not classified under the broader category of functional incontinence. Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder doesn't empty completely, leading to leakage, often due to obstruction or nerve damage rather than being an adverse effect of medications.